Ikz’u 1- ppkZ d:u mRrjs
fygk-
1- btkjhph pMMh >kyh] ;kr pwd dks.kkph\
mRrj %
btkjhph pMMh >kyh] ;kr pwd lxG;kaph >kyh- ijarq [kjh pwd caMwP;k ck;dksph
>kyh- dkj.k btkjhps ik; izFke frus dkiys] rs frus caMwP;k cfg.khyk] vkbZyk o
caMwyk lkaxk;yk ikfgts gksrs-
2- caMwP;k btkjhps ik; pkj cksVs dkiys Eg.kts ^ik;*
vl.kkjh btkj ltho vkgs] vls vki.k Eg.kr ukgh] i.k cksyrkuk vki.k vlsp cksyrks-
fotkjhlkj[;k cLrwauk osxosxG;k vo;okaph ukos okijrkr- R;kaph ukos lkaxk-
mRrj % 1
‘kVkZps gkr 2 isuph thHk 3 dikpk dku
4 cVkV;kpk MksGk 5 ckVyhps
rksaM 6 Vscykph ikB-
iz’u 2-
iq<hy okD;kae/;s dalkrhy ‘kCnkaiSdh ;ksX; ‘kCn oki:u okD;s iw.kZ djk- R;k
okD;kapk vFkZ fygk %
xkGysY;k
tkxh HkjysY;k ’kCnkapk R;k okD;krhy vFkZ lkaxk-
dku] ukd]
ik;] gkr] MksGk] dsl] ikB] iksV] xGk] rksaM
mRrjs %
1- pqyhojP;k rO;kph ikB dkGhHkksj >kyh gksrh-
2- dikpk dku rqVyk gksrk] Eg.kwu fnykojus pgk
Xyklkr vksryk-
3- ^gk ukjG ukldk fu?k.kkj*] ukjGkpk MksGk c?kwu
/kuOok Eg.kkyh-
4- eqlG/kkj ikml iMY;keqGs unhps iksV Qqxys gksrs-
5- fdrhgh tksj ykoyk rjh ckVyhps rksaM m?kMsuk-
6- pjohrys nw/k xatkr vksrys] rj rs xatkP;k xG;ki;Zar
vkys-
7- lqbZP;k ukdkr nksjk vksowu /kksaMwekekauh
f’kykbZ ef’ku lq: dsyh-
8- vkaC;kP;k dksbZps dsl ika<js gksbZi;Zar x.kw
dks; pks[kr jkfgyk-
9- vkiys ‘ksdMks gkr il:u mHks vlysys oMkps >kM
o”kkZuqo”kZs lxG;kauk lkoyh nsrs-
10- [kksyhrY;k ,deso [kqphZpk ik; eksMyk gksrk]
Eg.kwu eh tfeuhoj clyks-
vFkZ %
1- rO;kph ikB Eg.kts rO;kph ekxph cktw-
2- dikpk dku Eg.kts di gkrkr /kj.;kph dMh-
3- ukjGkpk MksGk Eg.kts ojP;k cktwps [kksc.k-
4- unhps iksV Eg.kts unhps ik=-
5- ckVyhps rksaM Eg.kts ckVyhps cwp-
6- xatkpk xGk Eg.kts ojph rksaMktoGph cktw-
7- lqbZps ukd Eg.kts lqbZpk us<k-
8- vkaC;kP;k dksbZps dsl Eg.kts dksbZojps rarw-
9- oMkps ‘ksdMks gkr Eg.kts oMkP;k Qkan;k-
10 [kqphZpk ik; Eg.kts T;koj [kqphZ mHkh vlrs-
3- miØe
1- ;k fp=dFksps ukV;hdj.k d:u oxkZr lknj djk-
2- ^fHkarhykgh dku vlrkr* gh Eg.k vki.k okijrks-
^fHkarhyk* dikizek.ks dku ulrkr- ^fHkarhyk dku vlrkr* gs dks.kR;k vFkkZus
okijys vkgs-] rs f’k{kd- ikyd ;kaP;k’kh ppkZ d:u lkaxk-
Okjhyizek.ks ^R;kP;k iS’kkyk ik;
QqVys* vlsgh cksyrkuk vki.k Eg.krks- ;klkj[kh mnkgj.ks ‘kks/kk- R;kpk vFkZ
ekghr d:u ?;k- cksy.;kr R;kapk okij djk-
1- rksaMh miØe
1
izdV
okpu%
dforsrhy ukne; ‘kCn eksB;kus okpk%
tykojh&eqykaojh ygku&egku ohj&/khj eksdkV filkV
vQkV&ykV jaxh&vaxh Mksys&cksys eksykph&rsykph
vkl&/;kl
2
gksMh
pkyo.kk&;kyk ^ukokMh* Eg.krkr- vkrk iq<hy okgukaP;k pkydkaph ukos
‘kks/kk vkf.k oxkZr lkaxk-
1
?kksMk 2 gRrh
3 lk;dy 4 eksVjdkj 5 foeku
2- Ñrh
Lkeqnzkrhy gksMhps fp= feGowu rs
oghP;k ,dk dkxnkoj fpdVok vkf.k fp=k[kkyh R;k fp+=kps o.kZu djk-
Ikz’u 1- iq<hy iz’ukaph ,dk okD;kr
mRrjs fygk-
1- dforkus dks.kR;k Li/kZsr Hkkjrkpk ncnck fuekZ.k dsyk\
mRrj % dforkus jk”Vªdqy vkf.k
vkf’kvkbZ ØhMkLi/kZsr Hkkjrkpk ncnck fuekZ.k dsyk-
2- dforkps ik; d’kkeqGs d.k[kj cuys\
mRrj % d”Vizn vuqHkokaeqGs dforksp ik;
d.k[kj cuys-
3- dforksp osxGsi.k fotsanz flax ;kauh dsOgk vksG[kys\
mRrj % tsOgk dforkus ftYgkLrjh; ‘kkys;
fØMk Li/kZsr /kko.;kr izFke Øekad feGoyk] rsOgk izf’k{kd fotsnza flax ;kauh
frps osxGi.k vksG[kys-
4- dfork vkiY;k =klkcn~ny vkbZyk dk lkaxr ukgh\
mRrj % vkbZyk mxhp okbZV okVsy] Eg.kwu
dfork vkiY;k =klkcn~ny vkbZyk lkaxr ukgh-
5- dfork dks.kR;k /kkoiVwyk vkn’kZ ekurs\
mRrj % dfork ih- Vh- m”kk ;k /kkoiVwyk
vkn’kZ ekurs-
6- dks.kR;kgh [ksGkMwlkBh dks.krh xks”V egRokph vlrs\
mRrj % dks.kR;kgh [ksGkMwlkBh ‘kkjhfjd
o ekufld ranq:Lrh egRokph vlrs-
iz’u 2- nksu rhu okD;kr mRrjs fygk-
1- dfork jkmryk ^lkojikMk ,Dlizsl* dk Eg.krkr\
mRrj % dfork jk”Vªdqy o vkf’kvkbZ ØhMk
Li/kZsrwu vkarjjk”Vªh; /kkoiVw Eg.kwu mn;kyk vkyh- lkojikMklkj[;k nqxZe
Hkkxkrhy ,d eqyxh tyn /kko.kkjh /kkoiVw Eg.kwu ukok:ikyk vkyh- R;keqGs fryk
^lkojikMk ,Dlizsl* Eg.krkr-
2- dforkyk d’kkeqGs fnyklk feGkyk\
mRrj % phue/khy xqvkaxtm ;sFks
vkf’kvkbZ ØhMk Li/kkZ >kyh- R;k osGh ngk gtkj ehVj /kko.;kP;k Li/kZsr
dforkus lqo.kZind ,dk lsadnkus gqdys gksrs- R;keqGs fujk’k >kysY;k dforkph
vkbZus letwr dk<yh- ;keqGs dforkyk fnyklk feGkyk-
3- dfork fotsanz flax ;kaP;k ?kjh dk jkgw ykxyh\
mRrj % vkiY;k dkjfdnhZP;k lq:okrhl
dforkyk ukf’kd ;sFks /kko.;kpk ljko o gjlwy ;sFks f’k{k.k v’kh /kkoiG djkoh
ykxr gksrh- ;k vks<krk.khrwu lqVdk Eg.kwu fotsanz flax ;kauh fryk vdjkohlkBh
Hkkslyk fefyVjh dkWyste/;s izos’k feGowu fnyk o vkiY;k dqVqacklkscr vkiY;k
eqyhizek.ks Bsowu frpk ;sFks jkg.;kpk iz’u ns[khy lksMoyk- iq<hy f’k{k.k
vkf.k /kko.;kpk ljko ;kalkBh dfork izf’k{kd fotsanz flax ;kaP;k ?kjh jkgw
ykxyh-
4- gjlwy&lkojikMk ifjljkyk dforkpk vfHkeku dk okVrks\
mRrj % dfork gh
vkarjjk”Vªh; Lrjkojhy /kkoiVw gjlwy&lkojikMk ifjljkr ygkukph eksBh >kyh
vkgs- frP;k ;’kkeqGs gjlwy&lkojikMk ifjljkps uko loZ= >kys- frP;keqGs ;k
xkokyk izfln~/kh feGkyh- Eg.kwu gjlwy&lkojikMk ifjljkyk dforkpk vfHkeku
okVrks-
5- vkiyh ysd [k eksBh >kyh vkgs] vls lqfe=kckbZuk dk
okVrs\
mRrj % uoh fnYyhrhy
jk”Vªdqy Li/kkZ dforkus ftadyh- fot;h >kY;kuarj dfork vkiY;k xkoh ;s.kkj
gksrh- gtkjkst.k frps dkSrqd dj.;klkBh mifLFkr gksrs- vkiY;k eqyhph dhrhZ] fryk
lRdkjklkBh ?ksmu tk.;kl ;s.kk&;k vkfy’kku xkM;k] i=dkjkapk xjkMk gs lkjs
ikgwu vkiyh ysd [kwi eksBh >kyh vkgs] vls lqfe=kckbZauk okVrs-
6- dforkps vkbZofMy dforkP;k ;’kkps Js; fotsanz flax
;kauk dk nsrkr\
mRrj % ukf’d
ftYgkLrfj; ‘kkys; Li/kZsr dforkyk /kko.;kr izFke Øaekd feGkyk- frP;k ik;kae/khy
nkSM izf’k{kd fotsanz flax ;kauh vksG[kyh- frP;k f’k{k.kkph o jkg.;kph tckcnkjh
fotsanz flax ;kauhp ?ksryh- fryk vkarjjk”Vªh; /kkoiVw dj.;kr fotsnza flax
;kauhp [kwi iz;Ru dsys- Eg.kwu dforkP;k ;’kkps Js; frps vkbZofMy fotsnza flax
;kaukp nsrkr-
iz’u 2- leku vFkkZps
‘kCn fygk-
1- ek; ¾ vkbZ
2- xfgjs ¾ [kksy
3- ysd ¾ eqyxh
4- ØhMk ¾ [ksG
5- cG ¾ ‘kDrh
6- oMhy ¾ cki
Ø
y{kkr
Bsok %
^izR;;* Eg.kts dk;\
Iq<hy ‘kCn dls
r;kj >kys] rs uhV ikgk %
1- eksBs $ i.kk ¾ eksBsi.kk
2- pkSdh $ nkj ¾ pkSdhnkj
ewG ‘kCnakP;k iq<s ts ‘kCn tksMwu ;srkr- R;kauk
izR;; Eg.krkr- Eg.kwu ^i.kk]nkj* gs izR;; vkgsr-
iz’u 3- iq<hyizek.ks izR;; ykowu uohu ‘kCn fygk-
1- i.k & osxGsi.k] ygk.ki.k
2- nkj & pednkj] cgkjnkj
3- i.kk & dehi.kk] ‘kgk.ki.kk
4- i.kh & ygkui.kh] tkxsi.kh
5- bd & vkfFkZd] O;kogkfjd
6- br & v[kafMr] lnksfjr
iz’u 4- iq<hy ‘kCnleqgkpk
okD;kr mi;ksx djk %
1- fnyklk feG.ks & [kaMwps ?kj iwjke/;s okgwu xsys
gksrs( i.k xkod&;kuh enr dsY;keqGs R;kyk fnyklk feGkyk-
2- xjkMk iM.ks & iq<kjh xkokr ;srkp R;kaP;kHkksorh
yksdkapk xjkMk iMyk-
3- d.k[kj cu.ks & njjkst O;k;ke dsY;keqGs vfouk’kps
‘kjhj d.k[kj cuys-
4- vks<krk.k gks.ks & ‘ksrkrys dke o ‘kkGk ;kae/;s
dqekjph Qkj vks<krk.k gksrs-
5- ukR;krhy oh.k xfgjh vl.ks & ehuk vkf.k ekyrh
;kaP;krhy eS+=hP;k ukR;kaph oh.k xfgjs vkgs-
6- o.ko.k lgu dj.ks & egknwyk Lor%ps iksV Hkj.;klkBh
fnolHkj o.ko.k lgu djkoh ykxrs-
